Vitamin Deficiency Diseases

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases: The fat-soluble vitamins ( A, D, E, and K ) dissolve in fat and can be stored in your body. The water-soluble vitamins C and the B-complex vitamins (such as vitamins B6, B12, niacin, riboflavin, and folate) need to dissolve in water before the body can absorb them. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term “vitamin”.

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Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_3.1

Vitamin	Chemical Name	Deficiency Diseases
A	Retinol	Night blindness Xerophthalmia
B₁	Thymine ( Beri-Beri)	It is a skin & bone disorder disease.
B₂	Riboflavin	Cracking of skin, cracking of lips, & tongue.
B₃	Niacin or Nicotinamide (niacinamide)	Whitening of hair, Dementia (Loss of Memory), Insomnia
B₅	Pantothenic Acid	Pellagra of 4 D’s Syndrome (Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Dementia, Death)
B₆	Pyridoxine	Skin disorders
B₇	Biotin	Hair fall, Dementia, Anemia
B₁₂	CyanoCobalamin (Natural content of cobalt)	Anemia, Skin disorder, Insomnia
C	Ascorbic acid	Bleeding of Gums (Pyorrhea) Swelling of Gums.
D Only vitamins not prepared in our body	Calciferol	1. Rickets → Child 2. Osteomalacia → Male 3. Osteoporosis → Female
E	Tocopherol	Less fertility
K	Phylloquinone	Non-clotting of blood

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_4.1

Vitamin A
Source	Dairy products, cod liver oil, liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits
Function	Maintains eye health Promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells and mucous membrane Maintains healthy respiratory and intestinal tracts Maintain healthy hair, nails, and skin
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY	Night blindness, dry eyes Dry skin Stomach discomfort Poor growth Weak bones and teeth
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS	Dry, scaly, peeling, and itchy skin, rash Hair loss Poor appetite, fatigue Vomiting, stomach discomfort Liver injury Headache, bone pain Nervousness, irritability

Vitamin B
Source	Cow milk, sprouts, meat, eggs
Function	Forming healthy Red Blood Cells Brain health DNA synthesis
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY	Anemia Nervousness Insomnia Memory Loss Depression Muscle cramps
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS	Excess vitamin B is disposed of through urine.

Vitamin C
Source	Citrus fruits(orange, grapefruit, lemon), strawberry, black currant, kiwi fruit, tomato, green leafy vegetables, green pepper
Function	Helps synthesize collagen; promotes the growth and repair of cells, gum, teeth, blood vessels, and bones Helps to heal after operation and injury Helps calcium and iron absorption Enhances immunity
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY	Scurvy Gum inflammation and bleeding, falling of teeth Susceptibility to skin bleeding, a burst of capillary vessels Weakness, fatigue Bone pain, swollen and aching joints
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS	Abdominal pain Diarrhea Kidney stone

Vitamin D
Source	Egg yolk, liver, cod liver oil, fish
Function	Helps the body absorb and utilize calcium and phosphorus, so as to maintain bones, teeth, and brain healthy Maintains normal calcium level in blood
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY	Children: rickets Adults: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS	Calcified cartilage High calcium level in the blood causes abnormal heartbeat and damage to organs such as kidneys Vomiting, diarrhea Sore eyes Itchy skin

Vitamin E
Source	Green leafy vegetables, whole-wheat cereals, nuts, sprouts, egg yolk
Function	Maintains normal conditions of cells, and healthy skin and tissues Protects red blood cells Antioxidation Enhance immunity
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY	Newborn infants: hemolytic anemia Adults: weakness
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS	Low thyroxine level Fertility Disease Headache, dizziness, fatigue Stomach discomfort, poor appetite

Vitamin K
Source	Green leafy vegetables, soya beans
Function	Helps blood clotting, prevents bleeding Maintains the health of the liver
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY	Uncontrolled bleeding from wounds due to clotting difficulty
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS	Can lead to liver damage

Q1. Beriberi is caused due to—
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin B

Q2. Vitamin D is also known as—
A. Reproductive vitamin
B. Sunshine vitamin
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Growth vitamin
Ans-> Sunshine vitamin

Q3. The vitamin which is water soluble?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin B

Q4. A vitamin that plays a vital role in the coagulating property of blood?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin K

Q5. Rickets is caused due to—
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin D

Q6. Vitamin D is—
A. Pyridoxin
B. Tocoferol
C. Ergosterol
D. Calciferol
Ans-> Calciferol

Q7. Scurvy is caused due to—
A. Vitamin B2
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Glutamic acid
D. Vitamin B12
Ans-> Ascorbic acid

Q8. Which of the following vitamin is responsible for remembering dreams?
A. Vitamin B
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C
Ans-> Vitamin B6

Q9. Vitamin B6 is known as—
A. Pyridoxin
B. Tocopherol
C. Thiamine
D. Riboflavin
Ans-> Pyridoxin

Q10. Vitamin B12 contains—
A. Mn
B. Fe
C. Co
D. Mg
Ans-> Co